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Protein kinases are an important class of proteins which are involved in various essential cellular functions, including signaling, growth, development and homeostasis [1 3].
PI4KIIα is involved in various essential cellular functions, including membrane trafficking (Salazar et al. 2005; Wang et al. 2007, 2003), signal transduction (Li et al. 2010; Minogue et al. 2006; Pan et al. 2008), and the exo-endocytic cycle of synaptic vesicles (Guo et al. 2003).
Copper serves as a catalytic or a structural cofactor for many of the enzymes that are intimately linked to essential cellular functions, including the ones involved in respiration, antioxidant defense, iron transport and the bioactivation of enzymes and hormones [2], [3].
NF-κB is a master regulator of essential cellular functions, including cell cycle, survival, and immunity.
Post-translational modifications to core histone proteins are proposed to regulate essential cellular functions, including transcriptional activation and repression.
Intermediates of these pathways are involved in essential cellular functions including the assembly of iron sulfur clusters (cysteine), the de novo synthesis of proteins (cysteine, methionine) or the metabolism of C1 units (S-adenosyl-methionine, methyltetrahydrofolate; Fig. 4).
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Mitochondria are compartmentalized organelles essential for numerous cellular functions including ATP generation, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, nucleotide and amino acid metabolism as well as apoptosis.
Since ILK was shown to be essential for various cellular functions including the regulation of survival in murine lymphocytes25, we hypothesized that increased expression intensity of ILK in spontaneous autoimmune cases might result in a higher survival rate of respective lymphocytes.
The nuclear envelope plays essential roles in diverse cellular functions including global regulation of gene expression.
Mitochondria are essential organelles required for key cellular functions, including ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation.
The lysosomal compartment is essential for a variety of cellular functions, including the normal turnover of most long-lived proteins and all organelles.
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