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Especially for masonry.
The mechanical characterization of in situ materials is one of the most important issues in the safety assessment of existing buildings, and – especially for masonry structures – represents a major source of uncertainty.
Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) materials are becoming an alternative strengthening technique to the well-known Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials applied by means of epoxy resin, especially for masonry elements.
A more consistent representation of the material resistance as well as of the (seismic) loads leads to more economical (or at least more reliable) designs in general, and especially for masonry structures where the safety margin, i.e. safety factor at present, is mostly based on experience rather than on quantified engineering modelling.
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Composite materials are getting more and more common for strengthening existing members and structures; fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) are widely used, while carbon-fiber-reinforced cement matrix (CFRCM) materials have been more recently proposed especially for strengthening masonry members.
However, out-of-plane failure is an important issue for masonry walls, especially for those strengthened on one face.
There are abrasive disks for metal and others for masonry and concrete.
The outbreak of the French Revolution scarcely affected progress; Perronet used the demolished Bastille as a source for masonry.
Gradually, though always with what he says was respect for Masonry, Mr. Haas spoke out for the need for change.
As aforementioned, the suitability of a material for masonry repair is ultimately dependent upon its compatibility with the host masonry.
Obviously, the first step towards the development of such an approach for masonry structures is to investigate the limits of the deformation capacity of masonry structures.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com