A third stage may also be defined in which manoeuvres subsequent to stages 1 and 2 establish the final trajectory of the fish relative to its pre-escape orientation (Weihs, 1973).
Lack of empirical data related to the occurrence of waves concerns the associated flock density, flock size, location of attack (back, front, top or bottom of the flock), the kind of attack (dive or flight pursuit), cue identification time and behavioural aspects of changing orientation during escape manoeuvres.
In the offshore environment, bad lighting can very easily lead to accidents and injury and the personnel on the installation will appreciate any aid to orientation and escape in such a case.
For burrowing bivalves, such a body organization allows deep burrowing in a vertical (head down) orientation, and thus escape from the sediment surface.
The one in Georgia has stirred complaints among old-guard Russian speakers, who maintain that whatever the country's political orientation, it cannot escape its geography or history.
Waves of such escape reactions by changes in orientation are observed in flocks of dunlins and in schools of anchovies.
Organize an orientation flight.
Therefore, waves may also reflect orientation waves (due to escape by rolling).
Instead, it results only if individuals repeat an escape manoeuvre related to changing their orientation, namely by rolling to one side (not both sides) during a single manoeuvre, the zig-escape.
The fact that even for infinitely smooth x t), the right time-derivatives do not physically exist, due to the positive orientation of time, somehow escaped the attention of scientists.
However, only a small handful of those who manage to escape base their claims on their sexual orientation or gender identity - they fear further persecution or rejection.
