Sentence examples for escape fraction from inspiring English sources

Another method to estimate the escape fraction is the Sobolev method (Sobolev 1960).

A 1% escape fraction is not enough to reionize the universe.

Several years ago, the researchers had used the galaxy's spectrum to predict the large escape fraction they have now observed.

The method accounts for relative velocities in a simplified manner, and computes the average photon escape fraction from the optical depth of the individual transitions.

In three-dimensional simulations, the continuum opacity of the gas has been taken into account by using the escape fraction method.

The spherically averaged escape fraction agreed relatively well with the fit of Ripamonti and Abel (2004), while the Sobolev method yielded escape fractions that were up to an order of magnitude higher.

Nevertheless, Turk et al. (2011) found that the escape fractions obtained with the different methods disagree only by a factor of a few, while Yoshida et al. (2006) and Hirano and Yoshida (2013) found agreement within a factor of two.

Simulations that model the propagation of ionizing radiation from individual Population III star clusters typically find very high escape fractions that are of the order of unity (Wise and Abel 2008a, 2008b; Wise and Cen 2009; Wise et al. 2014; Razoumov and Sommer-Larsen 2010; Paardekooper et al. 2013).

Later three-dimensional simulations qualitatively confirmed these results, and found that ({simeq}100mbox { M}_{odot}) Population III stars create H ii regions with sizes of a few kpc, and photon escape fractions that approach unity (O'Shea et al. 2005; Alvarez et al. 2006; Abel et al. 2007).

The results in Figure 4 show that Qin remains roughly constant with the increase of the escaped fraction of dye fout, indicating that leakage occurs through an all-or-none mechanism.

Lastly, the outflow fraction of escaping ions that have speeds above the escape speed is varying as presented in Fig. 5 (panels f and l).