Even a slight disturbance of specific pathway intermediates, such as seen in the Pex11beta knockout mouse, could trigger a catastrophic regulatory response that escalates by inappropriate activation of feedback loops.
Platelets have a greater rate of ATP turnover than resting mammalian muscle that contains high levels of mitochondria [ 7], suggesting an essential role for mitochondria in platelet function, and energy demand escalates during platelet activation and secretion [ 8, 9].
Activation typically escalates over time, however, because the emotion of anxiety creates vigilance and narrows your attentional focus on the possibly threatening aspects of the situation.
As a result of a caspase-dependent degradation of the respiratory complex, as previously described, activation of caspases may escalate mitochondrial dysfunction and could interfere with progression of MOMP.
Widespread apoptosis and necrosis of hepatocytes therefore increase levels of circulating LPS, which in turn fuels further inflammation through activation of TLR4 on Kupffer cells and ultimately escalates the release of pro-apoptotic TNFα.
To determine if behavioral sensitization to cocaine requires the activation of NMDARs in DA neurons, we examined the progressive escalating locomotor response to a fixed cocaine dose given in a novel environment or in the home cage [23], [24].
This effect is escalated over time and is consistent with a vascular-targeting effect when light activation is performed whilst photosensitiser is contained within the vasculature.
Our current results demonstrate clearly that acute reduction of serotonergic transmission and acute activation of serotonergic neurons yield opposite behavioral phenotypes, changing fly's ability to escalate fights.
Joint inflammation is a chain of events from cell activation, chemokine and cytokine production, adhesion molecule expression, and influx of inflammatory cells in an escalating process that is precisely regulated.
SPEAKER 9: Just escalate, escalate, escalate.
