A disadvantage of this method is that PMc exposure estimates are subjected to two sources of random error in measurement (standard error) rather than one, which may reduce the statistical power of detecting an association.
Additional benefits are, for example, increased seniority of the surgeons and anaesthesiologists performing difficult cases [ 18, 19], which also facilitates improved resident supervision and training opportunities, all of which may reduce errors and complications [ 20- 22].
Moreover, different from the previous case control study that investigated pregnant exposure during infancy or childhood period; our study started the epidemiologic investigation during pregnancy which may reduce errors in reporting exposure as much as possible.
The diagnostic information provided by OFDI can be further used to guide the endoscopic biopsy, which may reduce sampling errors and can enhance diagnostic accuracy [ 4].
Since model predictions can be made at a subject's residence or other relevant point location, rather than interpolated from a pre-defined grid, our models offer high spatial resolution which may reduce exposure error when estimating chronic exposures in epidemiologic studies, as has been shown in previous analyses [ 11, 25, 26].
Other major characteristics of study participants were collected based on in person interview according to a standard protocol, which may reduce the measurement errors.
When SurgimapSpine software is used for Cobb angle measurement, important parts of the spine can be enlarged and seen more clearly by changing the contrast, and the borders of the vertebrae can be enhanced by computerized options; after drawing lines through the endplates of end vertebrae, the software measures the angle automatically, which may reduce sources of error.
An antiperspirant reducing the moisture, which may reduce blistering.
The simulation also confirms the especial modification effect of our approach for large forecasting errors, which may help reduce the phase error for forecasting systems.
In addition, because of the expected low airborne levels, the use of stationary samplers allowed the use of higher flow rates, thereby increasing sampling efficiency and reducing analytical errors, which may have a greater impact at relatively low airborne concentrations.
