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The MCT1rs1049434 genotype distribution (39.8 % AA, n = 69; 47.3 % AT, n = 82; 12.7 % TT, n = 22) was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.486) confirming no genotyping errors, population subdivision, viability selection, or systematic mating.
Many investigators have addressed possible causes for departure from HWE, including genotyping errors, population admixture and segmental duplication.
This departure can result from genotyping errors, population stratification, selection, or statistical fluctuations.
The 223 discontinuously mapped scaffolds could indicate incorrect assembly or other factors including reference errors, population differences or alignment artifacts.
The simulation involves a comparison between a 'perfect' cancer registry (Population 1) and a registry that suffers from various cancer registration errors (Population 2).
During the workshop and subsequent consultations, we identified five main areas of special interest that are specific to, or especially relevant in, genetic association studies: genotyping errors, population stratification, modeling haplotype variation, HWE and replication.
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HWE should be investigated in the individual studies, since deviation from HWE may reflect methodological problems, such as genotyping error, population stratification, or selection bias (30).
These QC procedures help guard against genotyping error, population stratification, sample duplication and other confounders that can affect the analysis results.
The aim was to investigate whether the three sources of variability (measurement error, population variability, and model uncertainty) could be separated using the proposed maximum likelihood estimation.
A necessary condition is that the model parameters and the three sources of variability (measurement error, population variability, and model uncertainty) can be identified.
Virtually all of the erroneous sequences were of the correct length, and this comprised >99% of the error population acquired either with a q = 0 or 30.
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