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Parashkev Nachev, a neurologist now at University College London, says he objected to Owen's 2006 paper not on grounds of implausibility or a flawed statistical analysis but because of "errors of inference".
Finally, in exploratory studies such as this, in which data are collected with an objective but not with a prespecified hypothesis, multiplicity of data, hypotheses, and analyses can result in errors of inference, requiring the use of multiplicity corrections.
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Social psychologists, who study theory of mind processes under the rubric of attribution research, have shown that people often make a logical error of inference: The "fundamental attribution error" (FAE) is the tendency to assume that an actor's behavior and mental state correspond to a degree that is logically unwarranted by the situation.
To assess the impact of species tree errors on inference accuracy, we ran TreeFix-DTL and AnGST on the 50-taxon gene trees from the basic experimental setup with species trees that had been corrupted with one and three random NNI operations.
The 2D and 3D models adopt directed acyclic structure to avoid error propagation of inference.
Next, we study the effect of model choice and the impact of possible gene tree error on inferences of temporal infeasibility, conflicting optimal solutions and ILS in cyanobacteria.
Instead, the significance of PCB measurement error for inference on the mercury effect was investigated in sensitivity analyses assuming different values for the PCB measurement error variance (Table 6).
Additional analyses based on a static alignment and ML optimality criterion were performed to characterize the patterns of nucleotide substitutions and to explore potential sources of systematic error for inferences based on the assumptions of parsimony.
The risk of inference error in the study was 5%, which means that the results were significant if P value was equal to or less than 0.05.
Although temporal and demographic estimates using the above described approach have been widely applied, we must acknowledge that scalar manipulations of estimated mutation rates could be a potential source of inference error.
Further, let | E| be the number of edges in the graph G. Our objective is to bound the increase of inference error rate associated with the purely data-driven result, d G T, G X, W R, θ / E T − d G T, G X / E T, within an acceptable range δ even if the prior knowledge is the worst case by finding a proper θ.
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