The statistical error in translational symmetry was used to detect random intra-individual variability during development.
These proteins were called as defective ribosomal products (DRiPs), "that never attain native structure owing to errors in translation or post-translational processes necessary for proper protein folding", but their exact nature remains to be defined.
We go on to derive the prediction, unique to frameshifting errors, that differences in translational robustness between the 5′ and 3′ ends of genes should be less pronounced in genomes with higher GC content.
This sequence design may not be desirable as the overexpression of this gene can lead to very rapid depletion of the specific cognate tRNAs resulting in tRNA pool imbalance, which can in turn cause an increase in translational errors [ 37].
The driving force for adding new amino acids is the reduction in Φ0, not the reduction in translational error.
Some changes may be indirect and provide a benefit that is offset by some unrelated cost (e.g., extended protein half-life, changes in level of inhibitory metabolites, increases in translational error rate).
Squeezing them into the other columns would have increased the cost of translational errors in these columns.
Future measurements of amino-acid misincorporation rates in endogenous proteins will clarify the frequency and type of translational errors in cells with unmodified U34.
Nonetheless their detection is not uncommon (Drake, 2007) and they have been explained by the existence of transient phenotypic mutators in the population due to transcriptional or translational errors in the expression of key genes involved in replication or DNA repair (Ninio, 1991; Drake, 2007).
Then, the translational motion errors in the horizontal and vertical directions were measured by the sequential two-point method, where influence of the angular motion errors on the translational measurement was compensated by utilizing the measured angular motion errors.
