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You write that cloned animals have serious defects because "the cloning process seems to create random errors in the expression of individual genes.
Nonetheless their detection is not uncommon (Drake, 2007) and they have been explained by the existence of transient phenotypic mutators in the population due to transcriptional or translational errors in the expression of key genes involved in replication or DNA repair (Ninio, 1991; Drake, 2007).
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If each of non-target genes were switched on or off independent of each other, the error in the expression of target genes that could be influenced by each switch would occur frequently.
To avoid errors in measuring the expression of highly homologous miR-26a and -26b, we verified our TaqMan miRNA expression data from USSC SA5/73 and SA8/25 in native USSC lines SA5/73, SA8/25, SA8/77 and SA4/101 and in (day 7) osteo differentiated SA8/77 and SA4/101, using an established small RNA sequencing method [ 56, 57].
This reduction works up to the mutation rate μ m a x i, while for μ ~ μ m a x i, errors in the expression status of one gene can be propagated to the expression of many other genes, which in turn will induce changes in the expression statuses of other genes.
Regulation of RPGs is important because their expression is regulated very precisely: each ribosome contains exactly one each of up to 84 different proteins, and errors in the expression levels of these genes will result in malformed ribosomes [ 1].
This caused asymmetry in the distributions at high intensities, indicating that errors in the expression ratios of these spots had been introduced (Fig. 4A).
In addition, it allowed to set a quality standard as well as to assess sources of errors in the expression data.
This means that F i|ρ (x) could be replaced by (mathrm {P}left {mathcal {R}{i} leq x | rho right }) or (mathrm {P}left {mathcal {I}{i} leq x | rho right }) in the expression of the bit-error probability.
Intergender analysis revealed that the larger number of errors in detecting expressions of anger was observed in the male participants (men = 5.75 (SD = 2.12) versus women = 3.75 (SD = 1.06); P = 0.035).
In the FERT (Table 1) a significant increase was observed after 2C-B in the rate of errors in the recognition of expressions of happiness (P = 0.027).
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