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The structural models considered encompasses both multiplicative and additive errors in the explanatory variables.
Possible measurement errors in the explanatory variables also need to be given some consideration.
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Similarly in simple Poisson regression pure additive classical error in the explanatory variable leads to attenuation in the estimation of the relative risk [ 2].
If, however, the relationship of interest is with NO2 (untransformed) then measurement error in the explanatory variable is proportional rather than additive.
This clustering requires the use of multilevel analysis [ 19, 20], which allows for correct estimation of the standard errors of predictors in the explanatory model.
Without correlation with the explanatory variable, errors in the dependent variable did not cause an estimation bias.
The FD estimator is consistent under the less restrictive assumption that changes in the explanatory variables are uncorrelated only with contemporaneous changes in the error term.
Measurement errors in explanatory variables of a CF model can lead to unreliable estimates of certain parameters.
In recent years, however, faith in the explanatory power of genes has waned.
Second, health facilities were included in the explanatory variables.
For example, having made entirely reasonable assumptions about issues such as the measurement error in outcome and explanatory variables and heterogeneity in disease risk it has been shown that, for a study with an intended statistical power of 80%, the required sample size can easily more than double (Burton et al., 2009).
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