Our key finding, however, is not that similarity affects the frequency of making a mistake, but that it systematically influences the identity of the mistake and that the resulting pattern of errors constrains a substitution model in which the observer draws information from only one object.
In [4], channel estimation error is emulated with a randomly generated error constrained by the value of its average power, and the affected FER is plotted.
+ a fixed coefficient * beyond 2 standard errors ** beyond 3 standard errors § constrained to be equal ++ Identifying Browne et al's [1] exploratory two-factor model requires excluding one indicator from loading on each factor.
In addition, residual errors were constrained to be constant over age and the same in all latent classes.
The bases selected in each analysis domain are chosen to minimize the prediction error, and constrained to have approximately the same-sign local slope and curvature as the original signal.
The problem addressed is the design of a full-order filter such that, for all admissible uncertainties, nonlinearities and time delays, the dynamics of the filtering error is constrained to be robustly asymptotically stable in the mean square, and a prescribed H∞ disturbance rejection attenuation level is also guaranteed.
The problem addressed is the design of a full-order state estimator, for all admissible uncertainties, nonlinearities and time-delays, the dynamics of the estimation error is constrained to be robustly exponentially stable in the mean square and, at the same time, a prescribed H∞ disturbance rejection attenuation level is guaranteed.
In this study, variance due to measurement error was constrained to be the same for all age groups (submodel 3a).
In the fourth model, in addition to constraining the factor loading slopes and intercepts, the item error variances were constrained across the groups (called item error or strict factorial invariance).
A comparison of this manual-tracking precision with our software's tracking error might show that the digitization error is actually constrained by the cameras, not our tracking program.
It could be argued that the rest of the Meditations is designed to provide a way of showing that the Author of his being is perfect and, although he (Descartes) has made errors in the past, if his epistemic equipment is deployed properly and his will is constrained, error can be avoided.
