The comparison is carried out in terms of the integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE), integral of absolute error (IAE) and integral of square error (ISE) of speed response for systems with FPSS, HSA-FPSS and BA-FPSS.
A nearly sufficient condition for early zero-block detection is constructed based on the analysis of prediction error to speed up the motion estimation of H.264/AVC JM reference software in [11].
The method firstly converts time mean speed to space mean speed by introducing the coefficient of variation and standard error of space speed, and then, acquires traffic density through the relationship between traffic flow, density, and space mean speed in traffic flow theory.
The proposed FL control configuration is based on speed error and change of speed error.
Moreover, ground tests and on-orbit flight indicate that the error of separation speed is controlled within 1% and the angular velocity is reduced by nearly 90%, which proves the design result and the optimization approach.
The relation between the identification error of rotor speed and adaptive gains is clarified based on Lyapunov theory.
Day-ahead forecast error of wind speed, electrical and thermal load and price follows normal distribution with zero mean and the standard deviation of 20%, 10%and20%0%, respectively.
The error of the speed estimation of all algorithms is near zero mean and has a standard deviation better than 3% for both traffic flow directions.
The maximum error of pumping speed between the simulation and the experiment is about 30%, and the minimum is close to 10%.
To cooperate with the feedforward action, a variable structural PID was applied, where the P mode was used in the case of the largest errors to speed up response, whereas the PD mode was used in the case of larger errors to suppress overshoot, and finally the PID mode was applied for small error conditions to eliminate the steady state offset.
(a-c) true trajectory, speed, and acceleration; (d-f) estimated errors of trajectory, speed, and acceleration with small standard deviation; (g-i) estimated errors of trajectory, speed, and acceleration with large standard deviation.
