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Exact(8)
The extension of CA neighborhood to 5 enables propagation of the effect of faults in memory or in the test logic to the error line of the test structure.
Analysis of inversion results from the simulations show that anomaly size, signal to noise ratio, positioning error, line spacing and station spacing all play a role in the spread of recovered parameters.
In [13], pilot subcarriers are used to form a phase error line that has a bias b and slope a.
It happens often enough that I think I may suggest this risk be separated from the human error line in the risk register into its own "loose lips sink ships" line item.
Expressed in units of the variance of the innovations of the process for TICD, this is 0.04696, as shown in item 27 of Table 7, column "Final estimation error", line VAR.
Estimation of the phase error line bias b and slope a is carried out as follows: a ∑ x k 2 + b ∑ x k = ∑ x k ϕ k, l a ∑ x k + b N p i = ∑ ϕ k, l (16).
Similar(52)
Error lines are +1 SD.
Almost 80%% of the points are predicted with <10 % error lines.
All the points lay between the 5%% error lines for all three products.
(b) When the errors are too small (underestimation), the calculated reduced Chi-square is χ red 2 > 1, and the fitted line does not pass through the data points or their error lines.
In this case, the fitted line does pass through the data points or their error lines, but the curves of any other model can also pass through these, leading to good fitting; hence, the rate of the fitting is meaningless.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com