The errors were understood to involve double counting of improvements in the quality of shelter, a process commonly used to adjust the figures so that, say, a new generation of more costly but better standard furnaces does not necessarily raise the inflation rate.
It is understood they were made aware of the error in December and Sunderland settled the fine in early 2014.
It is in this context that Norwich's errors can be understood as a desperate attempt to play positively at all costs.
The spatial autoregressive error term in the spatial error model can be understood as a correction term for omitted variables, which are shared by the local neighborhood.
Furthermore, the inappropriate DG models used by the conventional method introduce an additional error (or can be understood as corrupted power injection measurements) to the SE calculation, hence the overall estimation accuracy of the whole network states decreases as shown in Table II.
The dependence of the errors on β can be understood as follows: when β decreases the integration interval in (9) becomes larger and approaches the exact interval ([-infty, +infty]).
Stiles et al. calculated the following four parameters for each individual course using regression analysis: Intercept at the time of midtreatment (midtreatment intercept), the linear trend (slope), the quadratic trend (curve), and the variability (root-mean-square-error, RMSE, which can be understood as the deviation of the raw values from the fitted curve).
The origin of an outlier point for the last tester for L T = 1, 280 (with unexpectedly small error) is not understood, this point was omitted from the calculation of the linear fit.
Both pre-analytical (e.g., sample collection, physiologic factors), and analytical factors (e.g., precision) are known to influence the performance of glucose meters but the degree of contribution of individual variables to overall measurement error is poorly understood.
