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Halo effect, error in reasoning in which an impression formed from a single trait or characteristic is allowed to influence multiple judgments or ratings of unrelated factors.
In factual, explanatory prose, ambiguity is considered an error in reasoning or diction; in literary prose or poetry, it often functions to increase the richness and subtlety of language and to imbue it with a complexity that expands the literal meaning of the original statement.
A personal (or "ad hominem") attack — rebutting a policy argument by attacking something about the person making the argument rather than the argument itself — is a form of error in reasoning (or "logical fallacy").
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By contrast, poor listeners were seen as competitive — as listening only to identify errors in reasoning or logic, using their silence as a chance to prepare their next response.
Quite generally, psychological studies reveal widespread errors in reasoning in a broad range of contexts.
Humans can show significant errors in reasoning about physically transforming objects (McCloskey, 1983; Pani, 1997).
Although he allows that errors in reasoning are common in real life, he thinks that "types of logically incorrect arguments"—fallacies are probably not common (1981, 113).
According to Nelson, it is in the shape of false dilemmas that errors in reasoning always emerge, and false dilemmas are always the result of the same mechanism--the unwitting replacement of one concept for another.
Schreiber's book attempts to return to Aristotle's project on his own philosophical terms, in order to better understand why Aristotle classified errors in reasoning as he did.
One division of informal fallacies is the fallacies of relevance which are "errors in reasoning into which we may fall because of carelessness and inattention to our subject matter" (1961, 53).
This can inspire all of us to listen, even as we point out errors in reasoning or emotional processing, to what others have to say.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com