The statistical parameters, i.e., normalized bias (NB), mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and squared correlation coefficient (R2), which are described in the following equations, are used for the fitness investigation and error determination of the model.
In the previous research [16, 17], the equation that provides an error determination when computing the impulse response for receivers using a single-element detector was reported and can be estimated as the square root of the total received power variance, var pk), in the k th time interval (width Δt).
In previous research [14, 15], the equation that provides an error determination when computing the impulse response was reported, which can be estimated as the square root of the total received power variance, var(P n, in the n th time interval (width Δt).
Retrospective methods also introduce hindsight bias in judgments about error determination.
Several representative cells were recorded for each condition with the same intensity settings and averaged for standard error determination.
Details of the grading process and segmentation correction procedures were updated in the methods section under the subheading "Error determination, manual correction, and exclusion of scans".
Data were analysed with Bland Altman plots, calculation of the percentage error, determination of the CV of ITD, and calculation of the overall CV for CCO and PulseCO.
26 Our electronic trigger approach facilitated selective record reviews, thus making the error determination process more efficient than either consecutive or random record reviews.
Assessing the false positive and false negative error rates for this collection was difficult [ 24], so several domain experts were used for scoring the results with all results reviewed by MID (internal medicine physician) who made the final error determination.
