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In this paper, we combine the Boolean difference error calculator (BDEC), a probabilistic reliability model for hardware designs, with a reliability model for fault-tolerant circuit structures.
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The odds ratio of making an error while calculating the 18 mg/kg dose without a calculator was 15.38 as compared to when using a calculator.
Error bars were calculated as the standard deviation of the mean value and the p-value was computed using the t-test calculator from http://www.graphpad.com/.
There was no significant difference in the significant error rate when using a calculator.
However, we found that 155 of 179 (87%) KDEL values fell within a ± 15% KCALC error: in 5 cases the calculator underestimated, and in 19 overestimated, the delivered clearance.
The minimum required sample size was calculated using electronic sample size calculator (with 5% margin of error, 95% confidence level and 50% response distribution); and it was found to be 400 including 10% non-response rate).
However, the use of a calculator prevents arithmetic errors [ 19].
Computers or pocket calculators should return Error.
2. Medical students, trainees and consultants all made errors when calculating doses using 18 mg/kg without a calculator, in approximately 9% of their calculations.
The exercise demonstrated that doctors and medical students will make errors in simple dose calculations in at best 0.3-10.3-1%alculations even with a calculator.
"Returns prepared with a pencil and calculator have about a 20percentt error rate, compared to a 5percentt error rate for those prepared by software," Mr. Barr said.
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