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A χ2 test indicated that this A/T HR-associated error bias was significantly higher than would be expected given the observed A/T content of both genomes (P < 0.01 for both genomes).
Figure 2 displays the pattern for Figure 1A, B, D, and F; with increasing measurement error, bias was stable for the unadjusted, adjusted, and two-stage models, staying close to zero.
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Systematic error (bias) is instrument-, technique-, or observer-dependent and it can be constant or vary with the magnitude of the measurement.
Although Illumina sequencing is more prone to base call errors than either ABI SOLiD or Roche 454 (Liu et al. 2012), error bias is unlikely to explain our observed shifts in SFSs.
While exposure error biases are often assumed to bias toward the null, a more complicated situation arises in cases like ours when two or more exposures are measured with error and are correlated with each other.
17 However, the ulcers were measured every four weeks for the purpose of dose adjustment, and, although this was done by the unblinded nurse, there is no reason for systematic errors (bias) being introduced as the primary outcome measure was time to complete healing as assessed by a blinded assessor.
Average observational error or bias was −11% of the average area measured, indicating an average underestimation of plots by 11%.
Task performance (low error and bias) was related to attenuated response in ambiguous conditions while increased response in regions associated with the default mode network was associated with greater overall error and bias towards other.
Systematic error, or bias, is error that occurs in each measurement made and which has a direction, i.e., the measured value is always either greater or smaller than the true value.
The standard error of the bias was 0.060 L/min, with 95% confidence limits for the bias of −0.088 L/min and −0.328 L/min.
We therefore believe that the possibility of technical error or measurement bias was minimal, even though these procedures were not done blind.
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