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Other cost models are centered on the notion that the act of generating an erroneous product can be costly in itself ("process cost").
The strong theoretical link between product length and process-related fitness cost can inform strategies to pinpoint particular error processes behind adaptive codon usage patterns because different translational errors have stereotypically different effects on the length of the erroneous product.
Some cost models are focused on the erroneous "product" and propose that errors are deleterious because they abrogate function or because the mistranslated product elicits dominant negative effects downstream of translation (Drummond and Wilke 2009).
One key prediction of error models that focus on process costs is that such costs should strongly covary with the length of the erroneous product because residency time at the ribosome, the level of resource sequestration and the amount of energy wasted in protein synthesis and degradation should all increase with length.
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Ever since the recognition of the reading frame in ribosomal translation of protein coding sequence, it has been realized that off-frame stop codons play a role in avoiding production of erroneous protein products.
Moreover, a large volume of misinformation may have been generated as these murine-like leptins were the basis for studies without prior knowledge of leptin's activity in the targeted species, including reports of the expression of the erroneous leptin gene product at the mRNA and protein levels (e.g. [ 9– 16]).
That 5-to-4 decision said filing deadlines in ordinary civil cases could not be waived even when the late filing was the product of erroneous instructions from a judge.
He argued that inspection by sampling leads to the erroneous acceptance of bad product as a natural and inevitable result of any commercial process, which in turn leads to the abandonment of continuous process improvement at the heart of the organization.
This observation is consistent with the majority of cryptic IESs being the product of erroneous excision, presumably resulting from a partial resemblance of nearby sequences to canonical recognition or excision signals (fig. 2; supplementary fig. S1 B and table S2B, Supplementary Material online).
Features of poor quality (signal intensity < 2 standard deviations above background) and those of potentially erroneous sequences (mismatch between initial PCR product sequence prediction and current D. melanogaster database; refseq_rna 12/2008) were excluded.
We also expect the use of other satellite products can compensate the erroneous representation of land surface due to the SLC artifact.
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