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Then, the error probability p err is calculated with different r f and s g in three cases below.
ERR is calculated by solving with the process of trial-error the following formula and the meaning of letters is the same here as in NPV formula.
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For very short debonds as well as for long debonds (almost steady-state growth) the ERR was calculated by both the J integral and the Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT).
ERR was calculated using the formula: ERR= RR−1)×100%, where RR was obtained through the time series models.
Responses to "effort" and "reward" items were scored on a five-point scale, while responses to "over-commitment " items were scored from 1 to 4. Effort reward ratio (ERR) was calculated using a predefined algorithm that quantifies the degree of mismatch between high cost and low gain, with a correction factor of 0.5454 [ 37].
ERR x is calculated as where R m is the increase in risk for a deficit of 1 MET-hour per week and M x is the deficit in MET-hours per week (less than 15) in exercise category x.
ERR x is calculated as follows: where R g is the increase in risk for a deficit of 1 g per day of fibre (0.029) and G x is the deficit in consumption (<23 g per day) in consumption category x.
The t-value is calculated as the difference between the estimations divided by the standard error (NIStot-HFtot)/ NISeststd err).
The predicted labels were compared with their corresponding true class labels and an unbiased estimate of the misclassification error rate, denoted as err g, i, was calculated.
Similar potential quantisation errors in the normalised areas are calculated as: Err(1) = (100 * (0.5 * Peak1Max)) these are output in the left-right diagonal of the quantisation errors matrix.
The TFCV can be calculated by the following formulation: (6) TFCV = ∑ N 1 Err 2, where Err is the model error and N is the number of selected PWM candidates in each iteration.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com