The innumerable horticultural varieties fall into two general types: the compact erect type, reaching 15 25 cm (6 10 inches) and adapted for summer garden beds, and the sprawling long-stemmed balcony petunia, which grows to about 46 cm (18 inches) and is often potted in hanging baskets and window boxes.
Subsequent improvements probably concerned the stacking of alleles involved in modification of the plant growth habit towards an erect type, in the modification of pod morphology, and the increase in pod and seed sizes at the other QTLs.
For example, de novo assembly a pan-genome for wild soybean indicated that three InDels in annual wild soybean (G. soja) may be responsible for changing the growth habit from the twining in G. soja to the erect type in G. max [ 18].
All individuals possessing a well-developed, erect rostellum (Type I) failed to set any fruit, except one Type I individual each of B. humblotii and B. malawiense, which nonetheless had low fruit set (8% and 2%, respectively).
The phenotypes of these favorable varieties closely meet the NPT standards [ 1], for example, lower tiller (~6 to ~12) and unproductive tiller numbers, erect plant type (TA ≤ 20°), ideal plant height (~80 to ~120 cm), moderate FLL (~20 to ~50 cm), wider FLW (~1.5 to ~2.3 cm), erect leaf and PT, and larger panicles.
Thus, the inability of auto-pollination, as assessed by fruit set failure in bagged flowers, was almost unequivocally expressed by the presence of a well-developed, erect rostellum (Type I), which is often considered typical for insect-mediated cross-pollination in orchids (Dressler, 1981; Arditti, 1992; van der Cingel, 2001; Tan & Nishida, 2005).
Moreover, a single species (B. bicoloratum) was found to have three mating types by additionally possessing selfing individuals with a receptive (sub-erect) rostellum (Type III; see also [ 47]).
In Los Gatos, 100% of the total plants identified in the population had erect growth (shrub type).
PMB0225 is a Spanish improved cultivar resistant to the bean common mosaic virus, which shows indeterminate erect growth habit type II, white flowers and large seeds.
The smg11 leaves were more erect than wild-type leaves (Fig. 2a).
Among them, a new family, Bergeriellidae, was erected for the type genus Bergeriella [11].
