Second, with relatively long 2 year half-life, avascular dormancy is a naturally very stable situation and would be far easier to maintain long term with a low toxicity antiangiogenesis inhibitor in comparison to eradicating metastases with chemotherapy, radiation, surgery or antiangiogenic therapy after they start to grow.
As previously reported, radiation can transiently increase the proportion of cancer stem cells within a tumour because radiation eradicates the non-stem-cell population, whereas cancer stem cells are relatively radioresistant (Phillips et al, 2006; Lagadec et al, 2010; Pajonk et al, 2010).
Although unifocal bone lymphoma, in general, can be eradicated with local radiation in 50% of patients, the treatment of patients with multifocal osseous disease, especially those presenting with associated soft tissue invasion or generalized adenopathy, is much less satisfactory [ 23].
The success of radiotherapy in eradicating a tumor depends mainly on the total radiation dose given, but the tolerance of the normal tissues surrounding the tumor limits this dose.
Until recently, astrobiologists thought that this dense inner region of stars would suffer from a larger number of supernova explosions, baking the planets in ultraviolet radiation and stunting or eradicating life before it developed intelligence.
Radiation therapy is generally considered a "local" treatment modality in cancer therapy, as radiation can only directly eradicate cancer cells inside the radiation field.
Conversely, radiation therapy is most effective at eradicating undetected disease at the periphery of the tumour and least effective in killing cells at the centre of large tumours.
Radiation produces a therapeutic effect by eradicating microscopic disease after the primary tumor is surgically removed.
The primary goal of radiation therapy is to deliver enough high dose radiation to eradicate the tumor and cancer cells or to palliate symptoms, while avoiding normal tissue injury [ 3, 4].
Treatment with X-radiation (XR) remains a major modality for eradicating cancer and it has been estimated that half of all cancer patients undergo radiotherapy at some point during their treatment [ 1].
