Note that MSEinp can be also treated as equivalent variance of the noise in original images.
Therefore, in order to correct this impreciseness present in the equivalent variance at the destination, we introduce a correction factor α, which eliminates the inaccuracy of the equivalent variance at the destination.
where is the channel gain for link is the AWGN at the destination node with variance is the modified AWGN noise at with equivalent variance.
In addition, the results show that the indirect modeling of inherent spatial variability using the equivalent variance technique with the simplified form of variance reduction function in RBD might lead to relatively conservative designs in design practice.
The proposed approach is illustrated through a drilled shaft design example, and is applied to explore the effects of inherent spatial variability (including the scale of fluctuation and correlation structure) and to evaluate systematically the equivalent variance technique that is commonly used to indirectly model inherent spatial variability in current RBD approaches.
We chose φ = 0.5, c3 = 0.01, c4 = 0.05, c5 = 0.15 which are reasonable estimates for the salmon life history and also results in roughly equivalent variance across age classes in the number of offspring per breeding individual.
For the proposed optimization algorithm in [2], we define the noise vector σ ~ 2 = [ σ ~ 1 2, · · ·, σ ~ N s C z 2 ] to be a vector that contains the equivalent noise variances of each relay channel in BC and MAC modes, ordered with the highest variance first.
To achieve this duality, we propose transformations which can be used to convert sensor failure probabilities into equivalent sensor variances and vice versa.
This assumption is commonly used in the context of cooperative diversity systems and guarantees equivalent average variances: ω1kand ω2kfor links S1 - > R k and S2 - > R k.
The equivalent noise variances of the relay channels in BC and MAC modes are σ ~ BC 2 = 1 2 SNR BC (12) σ ~ MAC 2 = 1 2 SNR MAC.
