Sentence examples for equivalent shield from inspiring English sources

The origin of the aluminum equivalent shield approximation in space radiation analysis can be traced back to its roots in the early years of the NASA space programs (Mercury, Gemini and Apollo) wherein the primary radiobiological concern was the intense sources of ionizing radiation causing short term effects which was thought to jeopardize the safety of the crew and hence the mission.

Herein, it is shown that the aluminum equivalent shield approximation, although reasonably well suited for that time period and to the application for which it was developed, is of questionable usefulness to the radiobiological concerns of routine space operations of the 21st century which will include long stays onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and perhaps the moon.

The detector has been filled with about 300 tons of highly purified scintillator surrounded by an internal buffer of 1000 tons of a purified organic solvent buffer, 2400 tons of ultra-pure water as an external shield and located underground with the equivalent shielding of 3500 m of water.

The maximum count rates are seen when photons enter the aperture with an elevation angle of (+,2.0) deg Fig. 7 Density distribution (a) and aluminum-equivalent shield thickness (b) of the analyzer.

The Monte Carlo Particle transport program MCNP simulation and thermal neutron shielding tests demonstrated that the (15%B4C + 1%Gd)/Al composite definitely had an almost equivalent neutron shielding property as the 30%B4compositeosite, which in turn proved the accuracy of the design.

The shielding material for protective aprons has evolved from heavy, lead-impregnated vinyl or rubber, with a shielding equivalent of 1 mm of lead, to lighter, composite (lead plus other high-atomic-numbered elements) or entirely lead-free materials.

Variation of transport model results for light ions (Z ≤ 2) and neutron-induced target fragments, which contribute significantly to dose equivalent for thick shielding, is also highlighted and indicates that significant uncertainties are still present in the models for some particles.

The secondary radiation field produced by seven different ion species (from hydrogen to nitrogen), impinging onto thick targets made of either iron or ICRU tissue, was simulated with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code, and transported through thick concrete shields: the ambient dose equivalent was estimated and shielding parameters evaluated.

Taiwan's equivalent of the Interstate shield is shaped like a graceful lotus blossom.

Meyer sees the rise of Russia as not only unpredictable but even inexplicable, although he gives an oblique answer to the old questions of whether Russia is inherently expansionist, and whether its growth was aggressive or defensive, in a nice phrase: "Expansion has been Russia's equivalent of a missile shield".

Some of his centuries – such as his very first in a Test match, scored in the teeth of ferocious Australian bowling in that golden summer of 2005 – were berserker assaults: the batting equivalents of dismembering a shield wall single-handed.