This is achieved by defining an equivalent moment of resistance M B.r and equivalent rotational stiffness K B.r for the braced frame of Fig. 1b.
We assume that the surface structure of the oxide consists of a distributed constant equivalent circuit of resistance and capacitance, analogous to active carbons in electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs).
Such releases could substantially reduce refuge size requirements for equivalent levels of resistance management, or make refuges redundant altogether, as well as providing a potential remedial action to reverse the spread of resistance where present.
It can be seen that the real part (Z′) corresponds to the equivalent of ohmic resistance and the imaginary part (Z″) reflects the presence of non-resistive elements.
I've always thought of them as something like the British equivalent of Detroit's Underground Resistance collective.
The study allowed the internal overpressure, increase of equivalent series resistance and corrosion of the positive current collector to be distinguished as the main failures which can appear during operation of these ECs at high voltage.
By applying the Lagrange multipliers, the value of the equivalent resistance of the set load-compensator was determined in order to achieve unity power factor.
Electrical measurements and impedance spectroscopy showed about two orders of magnitude increase in conductivity of electrodes and twofold decrease in the equivalent series resistance of the assembled cells after heat treatments of ND.
To address this, we measured the thermal conductivity of each layer of experimental green roofs, as well as equivalent thermal resistance of the complete green roof system during winter conditions in southern Finland.
