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The following version of the questionnaire was reduced to 62 items in a proportion that was the equivalent of items edited in a positive and negative sense.
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In other words, the Congressman wants to empower state legislators to treat federal laws as the equivalents of items on a cafeteria steam table, letting them slide their trays along the federal legislative rails, picking up the McNugget laws, such as tax cuts, and passing on the brussels sprout laws, like assault weapons bans.
We believe that narrowing learning down to specific instances of knowledge or skill acquisition promotes equivalent interpretations of items across groups.
An equivalent set of items concerned iron supplementation exceeding the iron found in multivitamins.
There were 15 missing responses on the online RMDQ (equivalent to.004% of items) and 3 on the paper RMDQ (.0007%); they were not concentrated on any one item.
An extra complication is added by the presence of battlefield scavengers, specialist enemies who'll steal intel and ammo if you don't get there quick enough; the equivalent of bonus items flashing and then disappearing in an old school arcade title.
GPs in England prescribed 23.8 million opioid-based painkillers in 2017, the equivalent of 2,700 items every hour.
Double monotonicity means that every item generates an equivalent order of person traits, and every person generates an equivalent order of item difficulties.
A Mokken analysis was computed to examine the double monotonicity (i.e. every item generates an equivalent order of person traits, and every person generates an equivalent order of item difficulties).
For example, in the PROMIS pediatric self-report pain interference instrument [ 5], children responded to the item "I had trouble sleeping when I had pain," while caregivers responded to the proxy-report equivalent of this item, "My child had trouble sleeping when he/she had pain".
The translation aimed at a conceptual equivalent of the item rather than a word-for-word translation.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com