In this study, the ratio to Nipponbare was 0.46 for Local Basmati and 0.53 for Tima, suggesting that the two cultivars have an equivalent or superior ability for reducing grain their As concentrations to that of BR3.
Furthermore, favouring ammonium uptake with respect to nitrate could reduce competition for reducing equivalent between nitrogen and Fe acquisition.
Feeding nitrate to dairy cows may lower ruminal methane production by competing for reducing equivalents with methanogenesis.
However, bioreductions are complicated by the need for reducing equivalents in the form of NAD(P H.
All the by-products of glycerol catabolism (lactate, ethanol, butanol, H2, and particularly butyrate) compete with 1,3-PDO for reducing equivalents (NADH) during their synthesis.
Complex I catalyses the oxidation of matrix nucleotides by membrane ubiquinone and represents the major entry point for reducing equivalents into the respiratory chain.
The enzyme Aro serves as entry point for reducing equivalents issued from the oxidation of the arsenic oxianion arsenite (AsIII) to arsenate (AsV) into bioenergetic chains.
In column studies, a nonuniform distribution of NAPL and organisms resulted in significant competition for reducing equivalents and bio-clogging due to excessive microbial growth of nondechlorinating biomass (Yang and McCarty 2002).
Introduction of the clostridial butyrate biosynthesis pathway reactions shown in Fig. 1 into the stoichiometric model of E. coli pal metabolism caused a shift in the growth-optimal outlet for reducing equivalents, as shown in Fig. 2b.
For example, during PSGHL exposure, furfural and HMF could potentially compete with xylose for reducing equivalents [ 25- 27] while acetate would cause cell damage, forcing the need for cells to metabolize xylose to accommodate repair of cell damage.> -wrap-foot> aWithethexceptionof of glucose uptake rate, all parameters varied significantly among isolates based on one-way ANOVA (P < 0.01).
Consistent with an increased requirement for reducing equivalents in response to DDVP intoxication, increased transcription of messages for key PPP enzymes, including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), transketolase (tkt), transaldolase (taldo1), and phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase (pgd) were observed (Figs. 5a and 6).
