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Span-wise lift correlation and coherence of the equivalent cross-section are proved slightly lower than that of truss segment.
Multiple waves occur in the longitudinal direction, the number of waves depending on the number of modes of the equivalent cross-section.
The model was established on the following assumptions: (1) Young's modulus E, cross section area A, and mass per unit length were always constants; (2) The bending stiffness of rope and influence of air current were ignored; (3) The hoist ropes were simplified as single rope with the equivalent cross-section area.
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By introducing an effective breadth/web concept, coupled plate-torsional-web buckling in flat-bar stiffened plates is simply analyzed by torsional buckling analysis of equivalent cross section.
Based on derived results and observational data analysis, the Z-Q and Z-A relationships of AHG were similar to rectangular weir flows, thus the cross section of the GVFAR was generalized as a compound rectangular, hydraulic equivalent cross section.
In a low-stakes assessment such as PISA, a systematic reduction over time in levels of engagement or effort in equivalent cross-sections of students who have otherwise equivalent levels of proficiency is likely to produce an increase in the proportion of skipped or inadequately attempted responses to test questions (see van Barneveld, Pharand, Ruberto and Haggarty, 2013, pp. 46-48).
To calculate the light scattering signal as a function of nanosheet length, the square sheets were approximated as thin circular disks of equivalent cross section, thickness, and uniform dielectric constant.
Span-wise lift coherence and correlation functions of the equivalent truss cross-section are derived as well.
Then the equation of motion, thus derived, is used to formulate the free vibration of a typical turbo-machinery cantilevered airfoil blade by considering it as a plate of an equivalent rectangular cross-section subjected to a quasi-static load due to centrifugal force field.
The second part of the paper deals with the development of a fire design method for axially loaded CFT columns based on the general rules stablished in Eurocode 4 Part 1-1 and employing the concept of room temperature equivalent concrete core cross-section.
Then, the conventional EPRI J-estimation procedure is extended to calculate J values of the equivalent configuration with oval cross-section converted from the welded clad pipe using the ESSRM.
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