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In particular, five topics are addressed: sampling procedures, conceptual equivalence, linguistic equivalence, data collection procedures and cultural differences in response style.
The linking of classified data and spatial equivalence data opens up new possibilities to localize areas of high/low environmental effectiveness (e.g. erosion risk) and to assess the ratio of AEM implementation (acceptance) versus financial input.
From personal experience of some of the authors of this article with data submitted in dossiers of GM plants seeking regulatory approval, these substantial equivalence data do frequently yield significant differences even outside of reported ranges for other (at times 'historic') cultivars but are then dismissed as 'biologically irrelevant'.
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In product lifecycle management, the efficiency of information reuse relies on the definition and management of equivalence information between various product data and structure representations.
In that way, we obtained complete equivalence of data.
Two studies explored the equivalence of data obtained by electronic and paper and pencil methods, one used VAS [ 34], and the other explored differences between group scale scores using the Wilcoxon test [ 36].
COAs may have to be adapted for administration using electronic methods (for example by changing the question layout or reducing the number of questions per page), and subsequently there has been debate about the level of measurement equivalence of data collected using different administration modes.
Schrems is also dismissive of the claim the Privacy Shield deal provides for "essential equivalence" of European data privacy protection in the U.S. "The new deal does not even address the matter of private sector data misuse, despite the fact that there would have been much more leeway than in the government sector.
Schrems is also dismissive of the claim the Privacy Shield deal provides for "essential equivalence" of European data privacy protection in the U.S. "The new deal does not even address the matter of private sector data misuse, despite the fact that there would have been much more leeway than in the government sector.
They often inadequately claim for equivalence without supporting data.
Nevertheless, drawing inferences from non-significant values is problematic as non-significant results can be indicative of either statistical equivalence or insensitive data.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com