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We sought to estimate the frequency with which equipoise conditions were met in industry-sponsored RCTs in rheumatology, to explore the reasons for any deviations from equipoise, to examine the concept of 'design bias', and to consider alternative ethical formulations that might improve subject safety and autonomy.
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Thus, the equipoise condition appears met to undertake a trial evaluating feeding strategies in the peri-extubation period.
The commercial realization of the biosurfactants which is restricted by the high production costs can be equipoise by optimized production conditions provided by utilization of the cheaper renewable substrates and application of novel and efficient multistep downstream processing methods.
This is because under conditions of equipoise, we do not know whether the trial intervention is better or worse than the control intervention.
The use of tumor markers meets recognized ethical requirements for identifying and managing such risk and also meets the condition of equipoise.
If a service or the evaluation of a service is extremely expensive, this may also affect the condition of equipoise.
However, these studies sparked intense debate as they clearly violated the condition of equipoise: that placebo groups are only deemed ethical if there exists sufficient uncertainty regarding the merit of the intervention.
However, this is unlikely to be feasible in a rare condition where individual clinician equipoise may be lacking.
Although community equipoise may exist for a given condition among surgeons as a whole, individual surgeons often favour a particular intervention.
We included sepsis and sepsis-like conditions, for which there are equipoise or theoretical advantages for using colloids.
One consequence is that ethical considerations pertain not only to the conduct of research whether conditions such as scientific merit, equipoise, and the duty to obtain informed consent are met but to the aim of research whether it is likely to contribute to appropriate and effective social interventions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com