Radiographers face challenges in clinical practice due to upgrades in technology, equipment variability, the introduction of new techniques, the culture of each healthcare institution, patient interaction, and the requirements for continuous professional development [11, 12].
First goals would be standardization of image acquisition and sequences across multiple scanner platforms in multiple institutions, accounting for equipment variability as well as for the differences in imaging practice across different sites.
Because there is substantial variability in equipment from machine to machine, from manufacturer to manufacturer, and between older and newer ultrasound equipment, only studies that used industry-wide standards for Doppler measurement were included [ 7, 8], in contrast to the previous meta-analysis in which studies were eligible regardless of the ultrasound quality method used [ 4].
As researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have noted, the result has been "boom-and-bust cycles in renewable energy development, under-investment in wind turbine manufacturing capacity in the United States and variability in equipment and supply costs".
Consequently, short-term variability and equipment measurement error would be the main factors affecting this variability.
However, if a chronic assessment is to be considered (e.g. pre-post a training intervention), short-term variability and equipment measurement error, but also day-to-day variability, may potentially influence the results.
Diversified conditions of recording (equipment, environment, transmission channel variability, and distance from the speaker to microphone) determined whether the signal contained events of our interest (e.g., recordings with low SNR or too big distance from mouth to microphone do not contain information on breath pauses).
As the configuration of equipment often affects the variability of measurements recorded within a study, any validation steps may also impact on sample size and power calculations.
The sponsor also discussed the possible use of batch controls to monitor technical variability and equipment controls to ensure microarray image quality.
Processing samples in different batches or across different pieces of equipment frequently introduces technical variability into a study, yet is often unavoidable.
For electrolytes dosage the problems include a lack of specialized professional to perform the sweat analysis and variability of equipment brands for electrolytes measurement [ 2, 11, 12].
