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In sterile drug product manufacturing, scratched and broken glass containers (i.e., vials) cause product losses, glass particles, equipment contamination and additional cleaning efforts.
Despite routine cleaning and hand-washing efforts, equipment contamination may still occur, promoting pathogen transmission directly and indirectly through staff and patient contact with affected surfaces [ 4, 30].
HBV genotyping use as an epidemic marker allowed the demonstration that the infection was introduced by chronic patients and disseminated in a haemodialysis unit, probably due to equipment contamination and the unit environment [ 4].
These indicators were chosen according to their particular resistance to decontamination (for example, picorna viruses) but some were also included on account of their particular medical significance in the area of equipment contamination (for example, HIV).
Some of the factors associated with HBV propagation include blood and derivates transfusion, duration and frequency of haemodialysis, equipment contamination and contact among patients as well among them and health-care workers [ 4].
Previously reported potential sources of liposuction equipment contamination have been inadequate disinfection or sterilization after rinsing of liposuction equipment with tap water, tap water used in cleaning liposuction cannulae, or the quaternary ammonium solution used to disinfect liposuction equipment (2, 4 ).
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This can be due to either improperly sterilized equipment or contamination of the dyes being used.
Phthalates are widely used in laboratory equipment, and contamination is possible (Blount et al. 2000a; Kessler et al. 2001).
The containment inside the box, use of the pad, and lining of the equipment prevented contamination of the equipment and facilities with organic fluids, especially when radioactive substances were used, such as in scintigraphy.
The assessment shows that extended purging can successfully control for equipment cross-contamination, but also controls for significant contamination of the well-head, within the well casing and within the immediate aquifer vicinity of the well-screen.
Importantly, purging a large volume of water to obtain samples representative of aquifer conditions (rather than in-well conditions) will further reduce the possibility of equipment cross-contamination between wells.
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