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In 1911 Donnan studied the conditions under which equilibrium is established between two electrolytic solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane that is, by a membrane through which the solvent and some, but not all, of the dissolved ions can pass.
This result demonstrates that an equilibrium is established between the anthryl triplet state (3an) and the 3MLCT state even though the two chromophores are physically separated by more than one nanometer.
It is assumed that both fluxes progress in parallel in the direction of the particle centre and that equilibrium is established between the concentrations in the macropores and in the adsorbed phase.
This is due to the reason that at initial stages, all the active sites are free for adsorption, but after 60 min equilibrium is established between dye in solution and dye on adsorbent, i.e., there is electrostatic hindrance or repulsion between the adsorbed dye onto the adsorbent surface [6, 31].
After the first flashes, a dynamic equilibrium is established between the pulsed excitation of the RCs and the turnover of the subsequent steps in the photosynthetic chain.
The percentile of 14C-α-ΙΡΜ incorporation was found to be 0.28±0,039%, a value close to the theoretical one equal to 0.24% when equilibrium is established between a fibroblast cell and the milieu (Figure 2A; Table S1).
Similar(51)
At appropriate applied pressure, equilibrium was established between evaporation of the droplet at the tip and the supplied liquid.
When all the vacant active sites are filled, equilibrium was established between negatively charged chromate and phenolate anions present in the synthetic binary solution and positively charged surface.
We suggest that this steady state is due to a rapid equilibrium being established between creation of intermediates within the femtolitre confocal volume in which multiphoton events take place at the laser beam focus and diffusion of photochemical products out of the confocal volume into bulk solution where they are no longer detected.
Because equilibrium is established fairly quickly between surfaces and air, the dermal transfer of phthalate from surface to skin may not have a substantial influence on exposure (Xu et al. 2009).
The two liquids are mixed, the solutes are allowed to distribute between the two phases until equilibrium is established, and then the two liquids are separated.
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