Such a cooling schedule gives a sample with interfaces that are in equilibrium at ambient temperatures.
(b) In contrast, grain boundaries in a slowly cooled sample, with structures that are in equilibrium near ambient temperatures, are all ordered interfaces (scale bar, 2 nm).
The studied specimens are 13C depleted with respect to equilibrium with ambient seawater, indicating significant uptake of respired CO2 by their skeletons.
Refractive errors result from disruption of this equilibrium: insufficient ambient myopic defocus may promote myopia and excessive myopic defocus may promote hyperopia.
Another important assumption was that the cell culture media was considered to be well mixed, that is, always in equilibrium with ambient oxygen tension.
> -wrap-foot> notnot reported aSee text for definition In particular, holding for 24 h at equilibrium with ambient conditions led to a remarkable decrease of the foam volume (from 10 to 6.5 mL).
The rapid rise in pH that occurs during the dark culture hours resulted because the supplemental CO2 was turned off 'at night' and the inorganic carbon species shift back to equilibrium with ambient CO2 (0.039%).
If not stated otherwise, DGT deployment solutions used for the characterization of the gels had an electrolyte background concentration of 10 mmol L 1 NaNO3 (Sigma Aldrich, Reagent Plus) and the pH was in equilibrium with ambient air (pH 5.6 ± 0.2).
Also, in glacial stages foraminifera form their shells in equilibrium with the ambient water, so that the oxygen isotope ratio in foraminifera shells is directly representative of the global volume of glacial ice.
Comparison of shell δ18O with expected values revealed precipitation of δ18O in equilibrium with the ambient environment from early spring to early fall.
Under high pressure conditions, Zr undergoes a phase transformation from its ambient equilibrium hexagonal close packed α phase to hexagonal ω phase.
