The federal government also provides so-called "equalization" transfers to the provincial governments, which subsidize poorer areas.
They determine the structure of equalization transfers named partial equalization, which deter secession from disadvantaged and advantaged regions.
The 'advanced economies' of the EU would, together, contribute to equalization transfers at 0.1% of GDP: $16.8 billion per year, as Table 3 illustrates.
When the economic conditions of parents and their adult children differ substantially, equalization means transfer of economic resources from one generation to the other.
The energy decomposition analysis was performed considering metal ions and ligand sets in their nominal oxidation states, or with fractional charges, resulted after a preliminary step of electronegativity equalization driven charge transfer.
However, the effect of intergovernmental transfers on equalization has been called into question by anecdotal evidence that seems to suggest that transfers from the center are not rule-based and are subject to heavy rent-seeking.
This chapter is an introduction to dirty water physical process design, including consideration of various technologies, used for transfer, screening, comminution, flow equalization, grit removal, settlement, flotation, filtration, gas transfer, stripping, adsorption, and UV disinfection.
Unlike past studies, which have focused on the equalization effects of total fiscal transfers from the center, this paper includes an examination of the equalization effects of different types of transfers because some transfers, which are inherently anti-equalizing, may mask the equalization effects of other types of transfers when they are lumped together to find the "average" effect.
However, the equalization effects of the largest component of transfers, specific-purpose transfers, are anti-equalizing.
The provincial budget also depends on federal equalization grants and other federal transfer payments.
According to Sanderson's electronegativity equalization principle [79], the electron transfer between metal and inhibitor continues until their electronegativity values become equal with each other.
