The rate of rotation of a Foucault pendulum at any given point is, in fact, numerically equal to the component of the Earth's rate of rotation perpendicular to the Earth's surface at that point.
The quantization error is thus equal to the component of h ~ u, i in the null-space of the quantized channel direction Q u,i.
If the cell hit a wall during a step, it would move along the wall for a distance equal to the component of the intended step directed along the wall.
This has the effect that components of a class centroid that after shrinkage are equal to the corresponding components of the overall centroid become irrelevant to the classification process.
In the set we define a partial ordering as follows: let, we write if every component of is less than or equal to the corresponding component of on the whole of.
According to Lemma 6.1 the smallest solution of (6.10) is equal to the first component of the smallest fixed point of G = (G1, G2), defined by (6.3).
According to Lemma 5.1, the smallest solution of (5.9) is equal to the first component of the smallest fixed point of G = (G1, G2), defined by (5.7), with f, c and d given by (5.10) and p ( t ) = t.
Accordingly, the DC component of the set point (i_{Lf2,q}^{ref}) has to be set equal to the DC component of the load current (i_{l,q}), if the reactive power of the load has to be fully compensated for.
Assuming that V n,i is equal to the observable component of the utility associated with the status quo option, we obtain the following equation for marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for option i, which is given by the difference in the price between option i and the status quo: text{MWTP} = - frac{{a_{i} }}{beta } (5 MWTP is the willingness to pay for the monthly electricity rates.
LD is similar but not equal to the lateral component of the tracking error δn, in particular during the catch trials when the force field was temporarily removed.
