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Exact(14)
During the period [S, T] for a sufficiently large time span T − S, λ t, x, yǀH S ) is essentially equal to the background seismicity rate μ x, y) for any location and time.
In cases where the average of Xn or Ym was below background signal, this average was adjusted to be equal to the background signal before the fold-change calculation was made.
The stimulus consisted of three Gaussian-windowed sinusoidal gratings (Gabor patches) presented at a Michelson contrast of 72% and a mean luminance equal to the background grey (10 cd/m2).
Pseudo-counts equal to the background frequencies were used in PSSM construction.
The lower end of the dynamic range for each chip was equal to the background plus 1.96 × SD (described above).
These search spaces were selected based on studying the data used to generate Figure 2, as motif hit frequencies at more upstream distances were equal to the background.
Similar(46)
Indeed, when the relative target level was equal to the average background level, there was a 7% decrease in errors in the spatial versus co-located conditions, and the decrease in errors was as large as 17% when the change target was 3 dB above the average background level.
For each array, spots that had been manually flagged due to poor hybridization and spots in which the estimated fluorescence intensity was below or equal to the estimated background signal intensity in either channel were removed before further analysis.
To avoid a biased user-defined threshold, the fluorescence signals were segmented applying a threshold value equal to the mean background fluorescence intensity ±2 S.E.M. Cell bodies were excluded for this analysis.
The mean luminance of the noise was then equal to the gray background.
Probes were considered expressed in a given sample when the intensity exceeded a threshold equal to the median background (across all samples) + 2 SD units.
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