The IHS transformation is defined as (Burbidge et al. 1988): {mathrm{WTP}}_i^{IHS}=ln left(theta {mathrm{WTP}}_{mathrm{i}}+{left {theta}^2{mathrm{WTP}}_{mathrm{i}}^2+1right)}^{1/2}right)/theta (8 where θ is a parameter that can be estimated from the data and has been assumed to be equal to unity in practice (Sinnig 2011), which we follow.
It is clearly assumed that this period (taken equal to 10 min in practice) corresponds to a standard data having no attacks.
Ideally, the magnitude of each extracted watermark sample is equal to unity; however, in practice, the actual value is different from one due to the possible manipulations of the watermarked image content.
The reference step size is equal to five trials; in practice, we test whether there is an effect on arrival scores when respondents are evaluated for the first five trials, the second five or the third five.
Notice that μ i = Ψ ( ν i ), i = 1, 2. Then, by the mean theorem, μ n (under the local alternative hypothesis, denoting μ 0 as μ n ) can be expressed as μ n = μ 1 − μ 2 = Ψ ′ ( ν 1 − ν 2 ) = Ψ ′ ρ n, where ν ˜ lies between ν 1 and ν 2. Hence, with some added conditions, μ n is equal to ρ n in practice.
The presence of these constraints can, in principle, be modeled by assigning bond capacitances that are not all equal though in practice this is not usually feasible.
The Animal Farm: supposed to include a variety of meats in equal parts; in practice, though, mostly ham.
In theory, men and women enter stores equal – but, in practice, the shelves each gender browses, the aisles each chooses, lead them down very different paths to the cash register.
It was we-the-people America that declared all men created equal but in practice added the qualification "except when they are created black", keeping slaves in the sweet land of liberty decades after anti-egalitarian Britain had freed them even in colonial plantations.Not that we British are what we like to claim.
The term "Onsite j,r,t " is a binary variable equal to one for physicians in practices acquiring onsite MRI capacity in year t and zero for physicians in the matched non-MRI practices.
Martin McKee, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, thinks that there will be an increasing need for a health policy developed at a European level, to co-ordinate standards and training: in theory, all doctors who qualify in the EU are equal; in practice, some are more equal than others.But more important than the pressure to centralise will be the power that accrues to patients.
