Regardless of the explanation, the study makes it clear that even in Europe's most progressive areas there is still work to do before women will be truly equal in higher occupational roles.
These could reflect an unequal access to training and/or institutional interferences either by the government or by professional associations, which prevented earnings becoming more equal by restricting occupational decisions.
The US tolerates more inequality than Europe and believes its economic mobility is greater than Europe's, though they had roughly equal rates of intergenerational occupational mobility in the late twentieth century.
Companies might be paying men and women equally for equal work but the senior level could be dominated by men, for example, or there might be occupational issues at play, with women tending to be concentrated in lower-paid sectors.
Genetic predisposition undoubtedly plays a part, however, which explains why some workers, but not others, suffer from occupational dermatitis, despite equal exposure.
Because the electron count for the NO in Cat-NO indicated that not all Cat molecules in the crystal have an equal amount of NO bound, occupational refinement becomes necessary in addition to B factor refinement.
The two categories of occupational status were almost equal: 470 (40.9%) were farmers, artisans, manual workers or unemployed, and 489 (42.5%) were executives, middle professional group or clerical employees.
6 In this study we further defined participants who had levels of education less than or equal to primary school and manual occupational class or family income <¥1000 permonth as having SED.
There were an equal number of clinical educators from occupational therapy, physiotherapy and speech pathology with most working in metropolitan centres and 57 per cent of the sample having more than 5 years experience in clinical education (Table 1).
