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In the inequal characteristic case denote by e 0 the absolute ramification index of O, i.e. p = u π e 0 for a unit u ∈ O where p = char ( k ) ; in the equal characteristic case, put e 0 = 1.
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The proposed solution is different from our approach in the following: each base station has a list of the available channels with equal characteristics and throughput.
A characteristic-balanced (CB) portfolio goes long in a portfolio of stocks with high factor loadings and short in a portfolio of stocks with low factor loadings while the portfolios have equal characteristics (BE/ME).
A characteristic-balanced (CB) portfolio goes long in a portfolio of stocks with high factor loadings and short in a portfolio of stocks with low factor loadings while the portfolios have equal characteristics (size).
A characteristic-balanced (CB) portfolio goes long in a portfolio of stocks with high factor loadings and short in a portfolio of stocks with low factor loadings while the portfolios have equal characteristics (momentum).
Moreover, the approach in[14] does not define a cross-layering scheme as a means to optimize the system performance, and on top of this, users are assumed to operate in channels with equal characteristics, thus restricting the usefulness of the presented results.
To make female and male headed households comparable, this study uses a matching procedure.10 The idea behind matching is to find for each "treated" observation (i.e. female headed household) its "non treated" or "control" counterpart (i.e. male headed household) with equal characteristics.
Controls of course showed equal characteristics throughout the experiments.
Randomisation did not provide equal characteristics between intervention and non-intervention Districts.
Although HAM did not exceed the qualities of conventional materials to a relevant degree, it has shown almost equal characteristics.
However, as the shapes of and the areas under the ROC curves are similar, equal characteristics can be achieved by allowing different cut-off values for both sexes.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com