Both were fundamentally epistemological models, and both were specifically explanatory.
The immediacy, infallibility and successful cognition of presential knowledge privileges it over other epistemological models.
Once the moral agency conceived in the Enlightenment is discarded and the agent-based epistemological models born in the same era are displaced (and the deconstruction of the self/non-self distinction in immune theory becomes important support for that move), substituting non-Western or postmodern notions of agency may be invoked.
Our approach is based on a general epistemological model of the scientific discovery process that provides a well-founded framework for integrating experimental data with preexisting knowledge and with automated inference tools.
Introducing evolutionary theory in mandatory school curricula is important in correlating biological facts and phenomena, but also as an epistemological model for different disciplines.
Sometimes, however, the Nagel model has been characterized as an epistemological model of reduction, because it is a model of theory-reduction (Sarkar 1992; Hoyningen-Huene 1989; Silberstein 2002), because it is a model of explanatory reduction (Sarkar 1992), or because bridge-laws are to be interpreted epistemologically (Fazekas 2009, following Klein 2009).
This epistemological, "model-bound" approach is, in our view, much more fruitful than the mere interpretation of isolated evidence a posteriori; and it naturally promotes integration among different fieldwork studies, since the focus is displaced from the putative advantages and disadvantages of a given kind of data toward the testing of hypothesis related to evolutionary processes.
Although they also mention that the TOL is a "model", and a "heuristic epistemological model", their main characterization includes qualities routinely associated with hypotheses, namely testability and falsifiability [ 70].
The right-hand side represents the second component, introduced below: a psychological and epistemological model of the mechanisms involved in the tracking and identification of agents (agent- identification mechanisms).
By using Magolda's (1992) Epistemological Reflection Model, the data obtained were analyzed descriptively in a qualitative manner.
He shows how clinical medicine provided Balzac, Flaubert, Eliot, and others with narrative strategies, epistemological assumptions, and models of professional authority.
