We also found 779 epidemics reported in Em-Dat from 1985 to 2004.
HFMD is a significant public health disease with epidemics reported frequently throughout Asia [ 1].
We assumed that events reported at the provincial level affected all constituent districts and excluded epidemics reported only at the national level.
Moreover, the majority of human epidemics reported by media have occurred in foreign countries (avian influenza and SARS in Asia, cholera, and hemorrhagic fever in Africa).
All epidemics reported in the medical literature were identified in PubMed's online database of medical literature (United States National Library of Medicine, available from: URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/) through manual searches and by cross-referencing publications.
Oropouche virus (OROV) is the causative agent of Oropouche fever, an urban febrile arboviral disease widespread in South America, with >30 epidemics reported in Brazil and other Latin American countries during 1960 2009.
Epidemics reported at the provincial (second administrative level) and district level were located by using administrative boundaries available from the U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Centre Africa Data Dissemination Service, Sioux Falls, SD (available from: URL: http://edcintl.cr.usgs.gov/adds/).gov/adds/
In Italy, since the introduction of the pertussis vaccine in 1962, epidemic peaks have regularly occurred every 3 4 years and, despite decreasing incidence and decreasing peak height, no modification in the cycle of the disease was detected up to the 1990's, with epidemics reported in 1991, 1995 and 1998.
One important and fascinating new finding from our recently released Under-management Epidemic Report, shows that, while nine out of 10 managers are in fact under-managing, most of them don't know it!
Justin's sources for the 1770 epidemic report are unknown, but he did not begin to write it until 1822 or 1823, by which time human and animal anthrax had become better understood.
