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In the wake of the BSE epidemic, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has emerged as a previously unknown prion disease of humans.
The epidemic variant turnover from clade 2A to 2B-1 during 2005 2007 was due to the effect of the intra-subtype reassortment and drift mutations (Table 2 and 3).
Fifty-eight of the 61 genogroup II4 viruses (95%) had the AATCTG motif that characterised the epidemic variant of 2002/03 [ 29].
Additionally, the substitutions A193T and A218T are located in antigenic sites B and D, respectively, of HA1, indicating the potential for further drift in the HA gene of H1N2 viruses and the possible subsequent generation of a new epidemic variant.
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The study of Siebenga et al concludes that five individual aa positions spread across the entire P domain displayed consistent changes which were informative for distinguishing new epidemic variants [9].
Given this bias, it has been proposed that these positions would be useful in predicting future dominant epidemic variants [ 13].
There is a particular need for detailed microbiological investigations into potential reservoirs of novel epidemic variants of Salmonella, such as Salmonella Typhimurium ST313, to understand the transmission of these neglected tropical diseases so that effective vaccine and nonvaccine interventions can be designed.
This event might have played a major role in changing the specificity of Xp towards tomato and its dominance over its relative(s) as reported previously [ 71], similar to variant epidemic strain of Vibrio cholerae, reported to be a major reason for its emergence and cholera outbreak during the 1990's in the Indian subcontinent [ 72].
Antimicrobial sensitivity testing methods categorised HA MRSA as non-multiresistant MRSA (nmMRSA), multiresistant MRSA (mMRSA) and UK epidemic-variant MRSA (UKeMRSA) in our study [ 17].
To enhance our knowledge about SLEV virulence, we performed comparative pathogenesis studies in Swiss albino mice inoculated with two different variants, the epidemic strain CbaAr-4005 and the non-epidemic strain CorAn-9275.
In summary, given that there are no further known transmission routes efficient enough that they could lead to a self-sustaining epidemic, the variant CJD epidemic in the UK is likely to continue with a low level annual incidence for a lengthy period of years to decades.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com