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Strain J2315, the best-studied epidemic isolate, lies within the ET12 lineage of B. cenocepacia, and contains genes for the cable pilus and the BCESM [31].
KL3 was isolated from a single plaque on a lawn of B. cenocepacia CEP511, an Australian CF epidemic isolate [ 29].
Similarly, genomic analysis of an epidemic isolate of the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans provided insights into increased aggressiveness and virulence [ 20].
In addition, no epidemic strain was recovered from any patient at the clinic during the following six months, suggesting that the spread of the epidemic isolate in the clinic had been controlled.
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Serum neutralization of influenza A(H3N2) reference virus strains and epidemic isolates was determined by automated readout of immunostained cell monolayers, in a format designed to minimize the influence of infectious virus doses on serum neutralization titers.
At the 3 genes examined, the isolates differ from the ongoing Indian Ocean epidemic isolates and known isolates from Thailand and Indonesia.
Epidemic isolates were recovered from clinical sites, blood and urine, as well as from feces.
Epidemic isolates may limit PFGE profile diversity, especially if clonal expansion had a major role in causing the epidemic.
A recently developed multilocus sequence typing scheme for E. faecium confirmed that epidemic isolates belonged to a specific genetic lineage (13 ).
We also discovered that, as a population, the emm59 epidemic isolates have accumulated relatively few genetic polymorphisms over the years since sharing a common ancestor.
Disregarding these studies, Jutla and colleagues have only indicated that the epidemic isolates resembled those from South Asia and Africa, thereby suggesting that the strain responsible for the Haitian epidemic was already globally widespread before the epidemic.
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