In both clades the physical requirements of scotopic vision are met with similar morphological and optical modifications, highlighting the important role of physical characteristics of the environment in the evolution of morphology.
However, less is known about the influence of other aspects of the environment (such as novel urban challenges) on signal evolution, and the role of the environment in the evolution of multimodal communication in particular is not well studied (Bro-Jørgensen 2010; but see Seddon et al. (2008) and Uy et al. (2009), discussed in question 3 above).
Thus we propose that the foraging success of great cormorants does not lay in particular adaptations of its vision to resolve fine spatial detail within different aquatic environments, but in the evolution of foraging techniques that operate within the constraints of its vision.
To understand better the role of adaptation and plasticity (genotype-environment effect) in the evolution of highly polygenic traits, it is important to explore gene expression variation from a network perspective (Filteau et al. 2013), for example, using weighted gene co-expression network approach (WGCNA; Oldham et al. 2006) or the approach developed by Fraser (2013).
The results were unconventional circuits that were well fitted both to the task for which the circuits were evolved, and to the environment in which the evolution took place.
Indeed, central banks now need to think about the conduct of monetary policy in environments where the evolution of banking and payments systems already has implied and will continue to imply a declining demand for their liabilities.
Microsynteny analyses between the members of the species complex highlighted the fact that, in the Lmb genome, 5 of 7 characterized avirulence genes present in AT-rich isochores have been translocated from another location in the genome to these TE-rich environments in the course of evolution.
The final step of our analysis focused on the second level of our investigation concerning the role of the environment in the adaptive evolution of the lipase/feruloyl esterase A family.; thus, evolutionary history was reconstructed and reassessed in terms of response to environmental pressure.
Due to the high degree of variation in light conditions and presence of various wavelengths of light in different environments, the evolution of vision to various photic environments and lifestyles is among the most significant mammalian adaptations [1].
The microhabitat surrounding the fungus into the host would favor the parasitic polymorphism of this fungus, and this environment may assist in the evolution toward parasitism of Coccidioides spp. Coccidioides spp. is a dimorphic fungus and, in its saprobic or vegetative phase, it grows as a mycelium, forming a large amount of arthroconidia.
