Sentence examples for environments diffusion from inspiring English sources

However, the use of copper in these applications is limited by corrosion in oxidative environments, diffusion into adjacent layers in microelectronics, and particle sintering and leaching in Cu-based catalysts.

Recently, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of alumina using trimethylaluminum (TMA) has been introduced to form protective coatings on Cu surfaces that prevent corrosion in oxidative environments, diffusion of Cu in Cu2S films in photovoltaic (PV) devices, and sintering of Cu-based nanoparticles in liquid phase hydrogenation reactions.

A stress-induced environment diffusion mechanism is suggested.

Different adsorption levels of the modifier in the OMMTs provide different environments for diffusion of polymer chains and different attractions between MMT layers.

At the scale of bacteria, gravity is irrelevant, viscosity is the dominant external force (in the typically aqueous environments), and diffusion of molecules, outside as well as inside cells, imposes limits on size.

By contrast, in spatially unstructured environments, rapid diffusion of the bacteriocin and quorum sensing molecules away from producing cells of E. coli required bacteriocin producers to exceed a higher threshold frequency before the benefits of bacteriocin production could be realized (Chao and Levin 1981; Tait and Sutherland 2002; Greig and Travisano 2004).

Organisms too large to satisfy their oxygen needs from the environment by diffusion are equipped with special respiratory structures in the form of gills, lungs, specialized areas of the intestine or pharynx (in certain fishes), or tracheae (air tubes penetrating the body wall, as in insects).

It is obvious that such an environment impedes diffusion and enables selective binding of morphogens during their transport on extracellular matrix [78].

In this environment, the diffusion of the reactant to the substrate is very slow and, as a result, there are few atoms adsorbed on the surface of the silicon nucleus.

Taken together, MDR in Candida is closely linked to the status of membrane lipids, wherein the overall drug susceptibility of a cell appears to be an interplay of membrane lipid environment, drug diffusion and extrusion [15].

Single cells achieve these necessities by exchanging gases and small molecules directly with their environment by diffusion.