The gcRMA probe level algorithm ('justgcRMA' command run in Bioconductor in the R operating environment) calculated signal intensities [34], [35].
Our main independent variable was a composite measure of the food environment calculated as the difference between the kernel densities of healthful and unhealthful retail food vendors at the census block centroid of each individual's residence.
Different BLUP values were extracted to represent genetic potential for each genotype (Fruit Weight), fruit weight in a given year calculated from the Genotype × Year (GxY) interaction, and fruit weight in a given environment calculated from the Genotype × Environment (GxE) interaction.
An IMD score (based on crime, education, skills and training, employment, health and disability, housing and services, income, and living environment) calculated at the lower layer super output area (SOA) level (a census based geography containing on average 1 500 people [ 22]) was assigned to each postcode based on the SOA the postcode fell within using data from the 2001 Census.
During model solving, HYSYS simulation environment calculates on-line the thermo-physical properties.
Because TCDD and other dioxin-like compounds exist as complex mixtures of various congeners throughout the environment, calculating total TCDD toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentration is the most relevant exposure measure in studies of health effects of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (Warner et al. 2005).
The least squared means of the natural log transformed values of aflatoxin from each environment and the average over environments were calculated.
To obtain an expected distribution for growth rates that were uncorrelated across stress environments, we drew at random (10,000 times) a fitness estimate from each of the three environments and calculated the average.
The net concentration differences (d) of the four-sized particles (dTSP, dPM10, dPM2.5 and dPM1) between residential environments and nearby corresponding urban backgrounds, which can be regarded as the reduction of particle concentration in residential environments, were calculated.
