Metabolic needs (i.e., Cu-based respiratory hemocyanins) may explain our results as Cu occurs in the environment at concentrations near the minimum nutritional requirements of invertebrates [51].
Pharmaceuticals are typically found in the environment at concentrations well below therapeutic levels in humans; however, their mechanisms of action may be largely unknown in non-target organisms, such as teleost species.
Therefore, in considering whether drugs are present in the environment at concentrations likely to cause effects, the total load of a particular class of drugs must be considered.
In the RNA system, we suppose that precursor "food" molecules are available in the environment at concentrations F 1 and F 2. We suppose that monomers, denoted by A, can be synthesized from F1, with rate constant s.
(16) The occurrence of fenitrothion in the environment at concentrations believed to cause sublethal toxicity was a major driver for our investigations into the molecular mechanisms of this pesticide's effects in a fish species.
First marketed in the US in 1967, clofibrate was widely prescribed in humans and is still commonly detected in the aquatic environment at concentrations ranging from high ng/L to low μg/L in sewage effluents and surface waters (Stan and Linkerhagner, 1992; Stan et al., 1994; Heberer et al., 1995; Buser et al., 1998; Ternes, 1998; Tixier et al., 2003; Zorita et al., 2008).
Membrane potential measurements have been measured in various monovalent electrolyte environments at different concentrations to analyse the relationship between transport properties and fixed charge concentration of the membrane.
The acute toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in aquatic environments at high concentrations has been well-established.
Our experimental results show that OC is not readily degraded by any of these three, which implies that OC is released into aquatic environments at varying concentrations and is not readily removed.
Although it occurs in the terrestrial environments at very low concentrations, the concentration of nitrous oxide has grown 18.5% since the preindustrial period (IPCC 2007).
