Exact(1)
Some species are regarded as contagious (transmitted directly between hosts), whereas others are regarded as environmental (transmitted between the environment and host; for example, S. uberis can be transmitted from soil to cows).
Similar(59)
Both pathogens are environmentally transmitted, and helminth seasonality is driven by environmental pressures on free living life stages.
As a critical messenger between the maternal environment and the fetus, the placenta may play a key role not only in buffering environmental effects transmitted by the mother but also in expressing and modulating effects due to preconceptional exposure of both the mother and the father to stressful conditions.
For example, pathogens with good environmental survival or transmitted by a range of arthropod vectors may stand a higher chance of infecting new host types than sexually transmitted pathogens.
So it seems to me increasingly obvious that RNA editing is the principal means by which environmental information is transmitted to the epigenome, and is the mechanism for connecting the environment to the genome, the expansion of which was critically important to the evolution of the plasticity and the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory.
Because VIP is a key neuropeptide that synchronizes SCN cells to the environmental light dark cycle, as well as transmitting environmental cues (i.e., light) between individual cells within the SCN, 4E-BP1-mediated translation perhaps controls entrainment and synchrony of the master clock.
The circadian clock and its output melatonin rhythm is synchronized to the 24 h day by environmental light which is transmitted from the retina to the SCN primarily via the retinohypothalamic tract.
Also, the relevance of previous results for diseases transmitted through environmental sources is unclear.
The disease is transmitted genetically; environmental factors are needed to precipitate the disease.
Our model predicts the same trend for diseases transmitted through environmental sources.
The environmental signals are generally transmitted to the downstream transcription factors by receptors or second messengers.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com